Oil-fuel burner



E. C. BOWDEN-SMITH.

OIL FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 29, 1919.

7 SHEETS-SH T I.

Patented Mar. 22, 1921.

E. C. BOWDEN-SMITH.

OIL FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED APR.29,1919

1,37 2,398. Patented Mar. 22, 1921.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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1 [Hi lll Illllllll E. C. BOWDEN-SMITH.

OIL FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED APR.29. 1919.

1,372,398. Patented Mar. 1921.

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E. C BOWDEN-SMITH.

OIL FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED APR.29.1919.

Patented Mar. 22, 1921.

I SHEETSSHEE14.

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E. C. BOWDEN-SMITH.

OIL FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED APR.29,1919.

1,372,398, Patented Mar. 22, 1921.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

E. c. BOWDEN-SMITH.

01L FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED APR.29,1919.

1,372,398, Patented Mar. 22, 1921.

m uwuaq E. C. BOWDEN-SMITH.

OIL FUEL BURNER.

AP LICATION FILED APR-29, 1919- 1,372,398. Patented Mar. 22, 1921.

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fig/2a mnnnnmHFF izyz ' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD GYRIL IBOWDEN-SMITH, OF BRQCKENHURST, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE SCARAB OIL BURNING COMPANY LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, A CORPORATION OF GREAT BRITAIN.

OIL-FUEL BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 22, 1921.

Application filed April 29, 1919. Serial No. 293,440.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, EDWARD CYRIL Bow- DEN-SMITH, of Careys, Brockenhurst, Hampshire, England, engineer, subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Oil-Fuel Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to oil fuel burners. The object of this invention is to provide means for burning mazont or crude oil and products of a like nature, which require to be atomized for the purpose of combustion.

The burner shown in the drawing filed herewith is particularly designed for use with kitchen ranges and the like, but is equally applicable to all descriptions of furnaces and stoves where solid or liquid fuel is burnt.

Referring to the drawings filed herewith I Figure 1 shows the front elevation of a kitchen range embodying my invention, and

Fig. 2 the side elevation.

Fig. 3 is an exterior view of the burner with the automatic regulator.

Fig. 4 shows a sectional elevation of the burner.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are end views and plan respectively.

Fig. 8 is a side view of large size nozzle.

Fig. 9 is a section.

Fig. 10 is a plan.

Fig. 11 is a section.

Fig. 12 is an end View.

Fig. 13 is an elevation of a burner made in accordance with this invention, mounted on a hinge connection and adapted for use with low pressure air.

Fig. 14 is a sectional elevation.

Fig. 15 is a front view.

Fig. 16 is a part sectional Fig. 17 is an end View.

Fig. 18 is a sectional elevation. of a 1nodified construction.

Fig. 19 is a plan of the nozzle.

Fig. 20 is an end view ofthe nozzle.

Fig. 21 is a cross section of the nozzle.

Fig. 22 is a horizontal section of the nozzle.

plan.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the burner is shown fixed in position, and the means of supplying same with fuel and atomizing fluid.

a is the oil reservoir under which a lamp may be set for initial heating if the oil is too viscous to flow. A strainer is fixed either inside the reservoir or in the outlet pipe to stop the passage of solid matter. 7) is a funnel for starting up with paraffin if required in place of solid fuel generally used for the purpose. 0 is the vessel filled with hot water containing two coils of pipe one for the air and one for the oil, to become heated before use. (Z is the burner, the oil entering at the top, and the pressure air or steam at the bottom.

6 is an air reservoir preferably of rubber or flexible material, f is a non return valve and g the air pump. The heating of the oil and air is optional according to atmospheric temperature.

The burner consists essentially of an outside casing j on which is cast a flange y" for attaching to the front of the furnace as shown. It may be smooth and parallel inside, or it may be provided with a. spiral groove or coned end. A pipe 70 passes through the center of this casing and a pipe Z passes above the casing. These two pipes terminate in a common header on. through which pass the valve spindles n n and the oil and the atomizing fluid.

The regulator h (Fig. 3) consists of three wheels arranged as shown so that by turning one hand wheel the other is operated at the same time. Thus both the atomizing fluid and the oil are regulated together.

In operation the oil passes through the pipe Z past the needle valve 0 to the end of the tube when. it escapes through an orifice p and creeps down the wire or pipe )2 or other conduit or dripping device on to the head of the nozzle or weir 1 At the same time air passes through the pipe in past the needle valve 1* and through the orifice '1" at the end of the tube impinging on the underside w of the weir I It is deflected and carries forward the. oil [lowing over the lower edge 7/2 of the weir. Thus diffusion and atomization take place tact with a light or hot body.

When ignited, a fierce draft is set u through the casing j assisting atomization and producing the most eflicient combustion possible. .r"

The two distance pieces 7' Fig. 4,'l eep the pipe is in the center of the casing j and the pipe Z is screwed into the nut s which in turn is screwed into the casing as shown. This particular construction keeps the various parts of the apparatus true and in line and rigid.

The difliculty in gravitation of jet burners has been in the matter of regulation. Firstly this is partly accomplished by two needle valves. Secondly by the formation of the nozzle 9. A large size of which is shown in Figs. 8 to 12.

This nozzle consists of a dome if having a flat surface u on the lower side or slightly concave as at u (12).- In the top of this dome is a cavity 22 in which rests the wire ;0 down which the oil creeps. A portion of the forward end of the dome t is cut away and over the convex surface w the oil flows.

The rim 00 of the concave surface on the top of the dome may be slightly lower on the longitudinal axis of the burner. Serrations or small grooves may be provided on the surface of the dome to assist in dividing and spreading the'oil. A central groove or ridge is preferably provided to form a continuous stream of liquid fuel for a pilot light.

Fig. 8 shows how the pressure jet of fuel issuing from the orifice 2 impinges on the underside w, and is deflected, and Fig. 11 1s a variation showing the orifice through which the atomizing fluid issues, at a different angle which causes the atomizing fluid to impinge upon and spread around a larger portion of the surface w.

In burning crude oil it is necessary to maintain a film or stream of oil of sufiicient body, and the atomizing fluid must maintain a certain velocity and body in order to maintain continuous combustion. When it is desired to reduce the flame to a minimum, the flow of oil is liable to become intermittent if ordinary stop valves are used. For obvious reasons, mechanical devices for contracting the orifice and concentrating the flow of oil are too complex. I

In the case of the nozzle 15 it will be observed that it is so designed that the minimum flow of oil will pass over the center only. Also the minimum discharge of the working fluid will correspond. As they are increased they both automatically expand in width. Thus the flame can be reduced and continuous combustion maintained with a minimum of oil and working To illustrate the principle, if a plate is placed on a table almost level with a sli ht recess or single narrow groove on the e ge,

it will be found that a liquid poured into the platewill first run over the recess, and as a larger volume is poured in, expand on either side. As the volume decreases the width of the overflow decreases till it is restricted to the groove.

In the form shown in Figs. 13 to 17 the air-regulating valve is omitted.

The casing j is provided with a flange j, which is extended at 3 to form an eye of a hinge connection with a bracket 3, mounted on a face 4 of the kitchen range, 5 is a cone to protect the burner nozzle.

In the form shown in Figs. 18 to 22, means are provided for regulating the atomizing fluid which may be steam or air.

Vithin the pipe 7.". is disposed a piston valve 6 adapted to be operated by the hand wheel 7 The piston valve 6 is adapted to uncover parts 8, 9, and 10 in the burner, the port 8 leading to the center, being the first to be opened and the last to be closed. The upper surface of the nozzle 1 is provided with a rib 11 and a lip 12 on which are disposed ribs 13. The surface 14 of the weir is slightly dished, a deep flange 15 provents the oil from flowing over the sides of the weir. On the underside of the weir is a slit 16 which connects with the ports 8, 9 and 10.

The liquid fuel falling down over the surface of the weir meets the blast of steam or air.

More than one burner may be employed if desired depending upon the size of the range or chamber to be heated.

I have found in practice that the orifice 1" Figs. 8, 9, and 11, gives good results for domestic ranges when it measures in diameter. Care should be taken in setting the burner to prevent the flame impinging directly on metal part, but should preferably be arranged so that the heat is diffused by means of fire bricks or in some other suitable way.

What I claim to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a liquid fuel burner, the combination of an atomizing fluid jet pipe havlng a restricted orifice with means for deflecting the free jet as it expands in the free air on issuing from the said orifice, and for effecting a distribution of liquid fuel so as to form a'curtain of fuel in front ofv the expanded free jet of the atomizing fluid, said means comprising a substantially flat under-surface under which the orifice is spaced and set back so as to project the atomizing fluid at an angle against a limited area of said flat surface before it meets the curtain of liquid fuel.

said fuel pipe, an approximately fiat surface under said dome, a cavity at the back and near the top of said dome, the front edge of said cavity forming a ridge or weir around the front part of said cavity, one or more grooves or serrations on the curved front surface of said ridge or weir, means for feeding liquid fuel into said cavity, means for regulating the supply of said fuel, an outlet or nozzle projecting at an angle to the plane of said flat surface so as to direct a blast of atomizing fluid against the flat surface at a point in back of its drip end whereby the blast is spread out before encountering the dripping fuel. I

3. A liquid fuel burner comprising an outer casing, a. flange on said casing, a blast pipe through center of said casing, a fuel pipe above said casing, a distance iece maintaining said pipes in position with respect to said casing, an overhanging dome projecting out of said casing below said fuel pipe, an approximately flat surface under said dome, a cavity at'the back and near the top of said dome the front edge of said cavity forming a ridge or weir around in front part of said cavity, one or more grooves or serrations on the curved front surface of said ridge or weir, means for feeding liquid fuel into said cavity, means for regulating the supply of said fuel, an outlet or nozzle on the face of said casing, opening upward far back underneath said dome and at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said blast pipe means for admitting an ,atomizing fluid to said outlet or nozzle.

4:. A liquid fuel burner comprising an outer casing, a blast pipe through center of said casing, a fuelpipe, a dome proectlng from said casing below said fuel pipe, having an approxlmately flat surface and a cavity having grooves, the front edge of said cavity formlnga ridge or weir around the front part of said cavity, means for feeding liquid fuel iinto said cavity, means for regulating the feed of said fuel, an outlet or nozzle at the end of the blast pipe projecting at an angle to the plane of said flat surface so as to direct a blast of atomizing fluid against the flat surface at a point in back of its drip end whereby the blast is spread out before encountering the dripping fuel.

5. A liquid fuel burner comprising an outer casing, a flange in said casing, a'blast pipe through center of said casing, a fuel pipe above said casing, a distance piece blast pipe, means for admitting an atomizing fluid to said outlet or nozzle.

6. A liquid fuel burner comprising an outer casing, a flange on said casing, a blast pipe through center of said casing, a fuel pipe above said casing, a distance piece maintaining said pipes in position with respect to said casing, a valve spindle, conical valves and valve seats in each of said fuel and blast pipes, means for operating said valve spindle, an overhanging dome projecting out of said casing below said fuel pipe, an approximately flat surface under said dome, a cavity at the back and near the top of said dome the front edge of said cavity forming a ridge or weir around the multaneously regulating the supply of fuel and the blast, said means comprislng mutually engaging gear wheels on said valve spindles.

7. A liquid fuel burner comprising an outer casing, a flange on said casing, a blast pipe through center of said casing, a fuel pipe above said casing, a distance iece maintaining said pipes in position wit respect to said casing, an overhanglng dome projecting out of said casingbelow said fuel pipe, a flat surface under sald dome, a cavlty at theiback and near the top of said dome the front edge of said cavity forming a ridge or weir around the front part of said cavity, one or more grooves or serratlons on to the curved front surface of said ridge ply of said fuel, an outlet or nozzle on the face of said casing opening upward far back underneath said dome and at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said blast pipe, means for admitting an'atom-izing fluid to 'said outlet nozzle and means for regulating said atomizing fluid.

8. Apliquid fuel burner comprising an outer casing, a flange on said casing, a blast pipe through center of said casing, a fuel pipe above said casing, a distance piece maintaining said pipes in position with respect to said casing, an overhanging doune projecting out of said casing below said fue pipe having a slightly concaved surface and a cavitv at the back and near the top of said dome the front edge of said cavity forming a ridge or weir around the front part of said cavity, one or more grooves or serrationsion to the curved front surface of said ridge or weir, means for feeding liquid fuel into said cavity, means for regulating. the supply of said fuel, an outlet or nozzle on the face of said casing opening upward far back underneath said dome and at an angle to the longitudinal axis of saidblast pipe, means for admitting an atomizing fluid to said outlet nozzle and means for regulating said atomizing fluid.

9. A liquid fuel burner comprising an outer casing, a flange on said casing, a blast pipe through centerof said casing, a fuel pi'pe above said casing, a distance piece maintaining said pipes in position with respect to said casing, an overhanging dome projecting out of said casing below said fuel pipe, an approximately flat surface under said dome, a cavity at the back and near the top of said dome the front edge of said cavity forming aridge or weir around the front part of said cavity, said ridge or weir being slightly lower on the longitudinal axis of the burner, one or more grooves or serrations on to the curved front surface of said ridge. or weir, means for feeding liquid fuel into said cavity, means for regulating the supply of said fuel, an outlet or nozzle on the face of said casing opening upward far back underneath said dome and at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said blast pipe, means for admitting an atomizing uid to said outlet or nozzle and means for regulating said atomizing fluid.

10, A liquid fuel burner comprising an outer casing, a flange on said casing, a steam pipe through center of said casing, a fuel pipe above said casing, a distance piece ma ntaining said pipes in position with respect to said casing, an overhanging dome projecting outoff said casing below said fuel pips, an approximately flat surface under sai the top of said dome the front edge of said cavity forming a ridgeonweir around the front part of said cavity, one or more grooves or's'errations on to the curved front surface of said ridge or weir, means for feeding liquid fuel into said cavity means for regulating the supply. of said fuel, an outlet or nozzle on the face of said casing opening upward far back underneath said dome and at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said steam pipe, means for admitting steam to said outlet ornozzle and means for regulating said steam;

11. A iquid' f i' burner comprisingan outer casing, a flang onsaid casing an air pipe through center of said casing, a fuel pipe above said casing, a distance piece 1 projecting out of said casing below said fuel pipe, an approximately flat surface under said dome, a cavity at the back and near the top of said dome the front edge of said cavity forming a ridge or weir around the front part of said cavity, one or more grooves or serrations on to the curved front surface of said ridge or weir, means for feeding liquid fuel into said cavity, means for regulating the supply of said fuel, an outlet or nozzle on the face of said casing opening upward far back underneath said dome and at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said air pipe, means for admitting air to said outlet or nozzle and means for regulating said air.

12. A liquid fuel burner comprising an outer casing, a flange on said casing, a blast pipe through center of said casing, a fuel pipe above said casing, a distance piece maintainin said pipes in position with respect to sai casing, a valve spindle, conical valve and valve seat in the fuel pipe, a valve spindle, piston valve and valve seat in the blast pipe, ports symmetrically located on either side of said piston valve, ducts corresponding to said ports, one central duct corresponding to the ports which are opened first and closed last, said ducts opening in an outlet or nozzle in the front of the easing, under an overhanging dome projecting out of said casing below said fuel pipe, an approximately flat surface under said dome, a cavity at the back and near the top of said dome the front edge of said cavity forming a ridge or weir around the front part of said cavity, one or more grooves or serrations on to the curved front surface of said ridge or weir, means for feeding liquid fuel intosaid cavity, an outlet or nozzle on the face of said casing opening upward far back underneath said dome and at an angle to the dome, acavity at the back and near outer casing a flange on said casing a blast pipe through center of said casing, a fuel pipe above said casing, a distance piece maintaining said pipes in position with arespect to. said casing, an overhanging dome projecting out of said casing below said fuel pipe, an approximately flat surface under said dome, a cavity at the back and near the top of said dome the front edge of said cavity forming a ridge or weir around the front part of. said cavity, one groove on the longitudinal axis of the burner on the curved front surface of said ridge or weir, means for feeding liquid fuel into said cavity, means for regulating the supply of said fuel, an outlet or nozzle on the face of said casing opening upward far back underneath on to said cavity a deep flange on either side said dome and at an angle to the 1ongituof said sloping surface and cavity a small 20 dinal axis of said blast pipe, means for adridge across said sloping surface, one or mitting an atomizing fluid to said outlet more grooves or serrations on to the curved or nozzle and means for regulating said front surface of said ridge or weir, ridges atomizing fluid. on the crests of said rooves or serrations,

14. A liquid fuel burner comprising an means for feeding liquid fuel into said cav- 25 outer casing, a flange on said casing, a blast ity, means for regulating the supply of said pipe through center of said casing, a fuel fuel, an outlet or nozzle on the face of said pipe above said icasing, a distance piece casing openin upward far back underneath maintaining said pipes in position with resaid dome an atoan angle to the longitudispect to said casing, an overhanging dome nal axis of said blast pipe, means for admit- 30 projecting out of sald casing below said fuel ting an atomizing fluid to said outlet or pipe, an approximately flatsurface under nozzle and meansfor regulating said atomsaid dome, a cavity at the back and near the izing fluid.

top of said dome the front edge of said cav- I In witness whereof, I have hereunto ity forming a ridge or weir around the front signed my name. v part, of said cavity,a sloping surface leading EDWARD CYRIL D M 

